（2025届河北省普通高校招生考试精准预测卷（一）英语试题（含听力））North Carolina State University researchers firmly point the finger at the South American Andes Mountains as the place where the Irish potato famine pathogen (饥荒病原体), Phtytophthora infestans (致病疫霉), originated.
In a wide-ranging study of the genetic material found in P. infestans and other members of the Phytophthora species, the NC State researchers provide more evidence that P. infestans spread from South America to North America before attacking Ireland in the 1840s. The pathogen still causes other disease on potato and tomato plants around the world.
Much of the study’s evidence compares whole genomes of P. infestans with those of close relative pathogens — Phytophthora andina and Phytophthora betacei — which are only found in South America. The results show that these three species are very similar.
“It’s one of the largest whole-genome studies of not only P. infestans, but also the sister families,” said Jean Ristaino, Distinguished Professor at North Carolina State University. “By testing orders of these genomes and accounting for evolutionary relationships and migration patterns, we show that the whole Andean region is a hot spot for species formation, or where a species divides into two or more different species.”
“A lot of the search for resistance to this disease has focused on a wild potato species in Mexico — Solanum demissum — which was used to develop resistant potato lines that were used for the past 100 years,” Ristaino said.
“It points out the importance of looking at the centre of origin where a host and pathogen have developed together over thousands of years,” she said. “Climate change is bringing more drought to higher altitudes of Andean, so we could be losing some of these potatoes before we learn if they could provide resistance to other disease.”
Ristaino added that more research is needed to examine wild potato species from the Andes to learn more about host resistance to P. infestans.
5．Where did the Irish potato famine pathogen originate?
A．In North America. B．In South America.
C．In Mexico. D．In Ireland.
6．What are Phytophthora andina and Phytophthora betacei?
A．Wild potato species. B．Close relatives of P. infestans.
C．Resistant potato lines. D．Disease-causing tomatoes.
7．What can we learn from Ristaino’s words from Paragraph 6?
A．We may lose potential disease-resistant potatoes.
B．It’s vital to research the origins respectively.
C．All Andean wild potatoes are disease-resistant.
D．Andean higher altitudes are getting wetter.
8．What is the future of potato disease control most likely to be?
A．It will not be affected by climate change.
B．It will mainly focus on developing new tomato varieties.
C．It may rely on exploring wild potato species in the Andes.
D．It will be completely achieved by studying Solanum demissum.
【答案】5．B 6．B 7．A 8．C
【知识点】科普知识 、说明文
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